![]() ![]() O They were used in only a few places 10,000 years ago. O They were in use before the earliest stone tools. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the earliest ceramics? But in many areas of Africa, Asia and Europe high-temperature kilns produced pottery that is nearly a form of glass, and fragments of these pots survive even when the pottery is broken.ħ. Ceramic pots were first made by hand and dried in the sun or in low temperature kilns, a process that did not produce a very durable material. Paragraph 4:Ceramics were in use much later than the first stone tools (appearing in quantity in many places about 10,000 years ago), but they were used in such massive quantities in antiquity that, for many archaeologists, work life consists mainly of the slow sorting and analyzing of pottery fragments. O Do the IKung use stone tools other than spear points? O Does the IKung’s use of several styles of stone tools have a social function? O Is the social structure of the IKung more complex than that of most hunter-gatherer societies? O Are the IKung rare among today’s hunter-gatherers in using stone tools? Which of the following questions about the IKung is answered in paragraph 3? Paragraph 3:Ethnographic data from people who still use these tools, like one study of how the IKung hunter-gatherers use different styles of stone spear points to identify their different social groupings, indicate that even crude-looking stone tools may reflect a great deal of the social and economic structure.Ħ. O show that ancient multipurpose tools were practical and easy to use O study the copies under electron microscopes and to avoid damaging the originals O find out what kinds of tasks such tools were used for in ancient times O find out how strong different types of stone tools are ![]() According to paragraph 2, archaeologists make and use their own stone tools in order to O can be interpreted in more than one wayĥ. The word “ambiguities” in the passage describes things that The word “minute” in the passage is closest in meaning toĤ. Some rough correspondence can be found between the types of uses and the characteristics of wear marks, but there are many ambiguities.ģ. Sometimes electron-scanning microscopes are used to study minute variations in these use marks. A common research strategy is to make flint tools, use them to cut up meat, saw wood, clean hides, bore holes, etc, and then compare the resulting wear traces with the marks found on ancient artifacts. Paragraph 2:Through experimentation, some archaeologists are able to produce copies of almost every stone tool type used in antiquity. O Their edges are never as thin or as sharp as those of steel tools. O They are made of fine-grained stones such as flint or obsidian. O They were first produced more than two million years ago. According to paragraph 1, each of the following is true of stone tools EXCEPT The word “detach” in the passage is closest in meaning toĢ. Obsidian is so fine grained that flakes of it can have edges only about twenty molecules thick - hundreds of times thinner than steel tools.ġ. Few things are sharper than a fragment struck from fine-grain flint or from obsidian (volcanic glass). ![]() In analyzing ancient stone tools, many archaeologists have mastered the skills needed to make stone tools themselves. When a chunk of fine-grain stone is struck with sufficient force at the proper angle with another rock or with a wood or bone baton, a shock wave will pass through the stone and detach a flake of the desired size and shape. Stone tools are the earliest known artifacts, having been first used more than two million years ago, and they have remained in use to the present day. Paragraph 1:Aside from ancient buildings, in sheer bulk the largest part of the archaeological record is made up of stone tools and pottery fragments (shards).
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